1、 Corrosion of water ring vacuum pump

水环真空泵在化工行业中运用时，经常碰到腐蚀的问题。关于腐蚀性较大的气体或液体，最好的处理方法是选用耐腐蚀性的资料制造泵。但是国内产品目前普通都是铸铁和碳钢制造的。在这种状况下，碰到保送腐蚀性的气体或液体时，可采用下面的两种方法:

When the water ring vacuum pump is used in chemical industry, it often encounters the problem of corrosion. As for the corrosive gas or liquid, the best treatment method is to choose the material of corrosion resistance to make pump. But domestic products are usually made of cast iron and carbon steel. In this case, when encountering corrosive gas or liquid, the following two methods can be adopted:

1.采用真空罐方法

1. Vacuum tank method is adopted

真空罐又叫别离罐、缓冲罐等。主要应用于抽吸具有腐蚀性的液体。为了防止液体流入泵内，可在进口前的真空管道上设凳一真空罐，以便液体流经管道时流入罐内，不致于进入泵里。

Vacuum tank is also called parting tank, buffer tank, etc. It is mainly used to suck corrosive liquid. In order to prevent the liquid from flowing into the pump, a vacuum tank can be set on the vacuum pipe before the inlet, so that the liquid will flow into the tank when it flows through the pipeline, and will not enter the pump.

2.采用包防腐蚀层的方法

2. The method of coating anti-corrosion layer is adopted

在轴和叶轮等受腐蚀的局部，用环氧树脂和玻璃纤维包扎后，涂上一层环氧树脂和玻璃纤维。这样涂上三层，让它自然枯燥2-3天，再在通入蒸气管道的炉内烘干。从40℃开端，每隔2小时温度上升20℃，不断烘到120℃后出炉，这样做成的防腐资料叫玻璃钢，然后按图纸请求对玻璃钢包扎的轴和叶轮停止机械加工。

The corroded parts of shaft and impeller are wrapped with epoxy resin and glass fiber, and then coated with epoxy resin and glass fiber. This coating three layers, let it naturally dry for 2-3 days, and then drying in the furnace through the steam pipe. Starting from 40 ℃, the temperature rises by 20 ℃ every 2 hours, and then it is dried to 120 ℃. The anti-corrosion data made in this way is called glass fiber reinforced plastic, and then the mechanical processing of the shaft and impeller wrapped with glass fiber reinforced plastic is stopped according to the drawing requirements.

采取这样的防腐处置后，收到了很大的效果。例如，有的工厂保送腐蚀性液体的叶轮，只用20天就被腐蚀不能用了，采用玻璃钢资料后，至少可用一年以上。但玻瑞钢不宜耐硝酸及浓酸（浓度为70%以上）的腐蚀，这有待于改良。

After adopting such anti-corrosion treatment, great effect has been achieved. For example, in some factories, the impeller with corrosive liquid is corroded and can not be used in only 20 days. After using FRP data, it can be used for at least one year. However, it is not suitable to resist the corrosion of nitric acid and concentrated acid (the concentration is more than 70%), which needs to be improved.

二、水环真空泵水垢问颐

2、 Analysis of water ring vacuum pump scale

水环真空泵内结水垢的现象相当普遍，特别是选煤厂和化工厂愈加突出。

Scaling in water ring vacuum pump is very common, especially in coal preparation plant and chemical plant.

工业上把含有钙盐和镁盐的水叫硬水。大自然中的海水、井水、泉水等，由于和土壤、岩石相接触，溶了许多杂质，这些杂质多半是钙和镁的碳酸亚盐、硫酸盐和氯化物，所以普通都是硬水，而雨水则是软水。

In industry, the water containing calcium salt and magnesium salt is called hard water. The seawater, well water and spring water in nature dissolve many impurities due to contact with soil and rock. Most of these impurities are calcium and magnesium carbonate, sulfate and chloride, so they are generally hard water, while rainwater is soft water.

水中的钙、镁盐易合成生成不溶性的碳酸盐沉淀，这种沉淀附在泵零件上，构成水垢。水垢易梗塞孔道、间隙，把零件接合面粘牢，影响泵的工作性能，以至使泵不能正常工作。

Calcium and magnesium salts in water are easy to synthesize into insoluble carbonate precipitates, which are attached to pump parts and form scale. The scale is easy to block the pore and gap, and the joint surface of the parts is glued tightly, which affects the working performance of the pump, so that the pump can not work normally.

关于水垢要挟严重的中央，能够采用下面方法:

The following methods can be adopted for the places where scale threat is serious:

1.在硬水中参加适量的消石灰或碳酸钠（苏打），可使水中碳酸氢盐生成不溶性的碳酸盐沉淀，然后经过过滤，所得的就是软水。以上反响在热水中停止比拟疾速，在冷水里停止比拟迟缓，这就是为什么水温高水垢现象严重的缘由。

1. Adding proper amount of hydrated lime or sodium carbonate (soda) in hard water can make bicarbonate in water form insoluble carbonate precipitation, and then through filtration, the soft water is obtained. The above reaction in hot water is faster than that in cold water, which is why the water temperature is high and the scale phenomenon is serious.

2.将水环真空泵所用的水作封锁循环运用，循环水中的钙、镁盐量一定，使构成的水垢到一定量之后不再增加，这可防止水垢危害的深化。

2. The water used in the water ring vacuum pump is used for blocking circulation. The amount of calcium and magnesium salt in the circulating water is fixed, so that the scale will not increase after reaching a certain amount, which can prevent the deepening of scale harm.

三、扫除水环真空泵内空气的平安措施

3、 Safety measures for cleaning air in water ring vacuum pump

水环真空泵内有空气存在。假如被紧缩的气体与空气混合后不平安，那么在运用前须将空气从泵内扫除洁净。例如氢气是易燃易爆气体，在空气中，含氢量在4-75%之间都会惹起熄灭，而且只需十万分之二焦耳的能量就能够将它点燃。因而在保送氢气之前，需求将水环真空泵接于具有一定压力的氮气柜，让氮气充溢水环真空泵内而将空气排出来，扫除的效果可用熄灭法测定。

There is air in the water ring vacuum pump. If the compressed gas is not safe after mixing with air, then the air must be swept from the pump before use. For example, hydrogen is a flammable and explosive gas. In the air, if the hydrogen content is between 4-75%, it will be extinguished, and it can be ignited with only two parts of 100000 joules of energy. Therefore, before delivering hydrogen, it is necessary to connect the water ring vacuum pump to the nitrogen tank with a certain pressure, so that the nitrogen can overflow the water ring vacuum pump and exhaust the air. The cleaning effect can be determined by quenching method.

四、水环真空泵抽送含有颗粒气体的问题

4、 Problems in pumping gas containing particles by water ring vacuum pump

假如被抽送的气体中含有固体颗粒，一局部颗粒将随气体排出泵外，另外一局部颗粒则会在泵内间隙处不时摩擦，形成间隙增大，致使走漏量增加，真空度和气量降落。所以水环真空泵不适合抽压含有大量固体颗粒的气体，特别是粒度较大、硬度较高的固体顺粒。

If the gas to be pumped contains solid particles, one part of the particles will be discharged from the pump with the gas, and the other part of the particles will rub at the gap in the pump from time to time, resulting in the increase of the leakage and the decrease of vacuum and gas volume. Therefore, water ring vacuum pump is not suitable for pumping gas containing a large number of solid particles, especially solid particles with larger particle size and higher hardness.

假如不可防止的话，可在气体进入泵之行进行净化处置（如设置滤网、别离罐等）。假如净化有艰难，那么在抽送终了之后，应当用水将泵内颗粒冲洗洁净。

If it is impossible to prevent it, purification treatment can be carried out when the gas enters the pump (such as setting filter screen, leaving the tank, etc.). If the purification is difficult, then after the end of pumping, the particles in the pump should be washed clean with water.

五、水环真空泵的循环用水安装

5、 Installation of circulating water for water ring vacuum pump

假如被抽送的气体在水中有一定的溶解度，为了防止这种气体的损耗，不让它随水排走；或者被紧缩的气体是有毒害的，为了防止危害和污染；或者为了减少水垢等，泵内用水应不与外界发作交流，而采用封锁循环法。

If the pumped gas has a certain solubility in the water, in order to prevent the loss of this gas, do not let it drain with water; or the compressed gas is toxic, in order to prevent harm and pollution; or in order to reduce scale, the water in the pump should not cross with the outside, and use the blocking circulation method.

六、水环式真空泵抽送液体的问题

6、 Problems of liquid pumping by water ring vacuum pump

水环真空泵假如在所吸送的气体中含有一定量的水分，或者完整抽送水或其它液体时，则泵的性能与抽送气体时相比，有较大的不同，它们的主要差异在于:

If the water ring vacuum pump contains a certain amount of water in the gas it sucks, or when it pumps water or other liquids completely, the performance of the pump is quite different from that when pumping gas. Their main differences are as follows:

1.气量降低，

1,

2.轴功率显著增加，

2. The shaft power increased significantly,

3.泵在某一范围内工作不稳定。

3. The pump is unstable in a certain range.

七、水环式真空泵汽蚀问题

7、 Cavitation of water ring vacuum pump

在一定的温度和压力下，液体和蒸气是能够相互转换的。例如，100℃的水在1大气压下沸腾转变成蒸气。同样，100℃的水蒸气在等于或高于1大气压的状况下也能够凝结成水。

At a certain temperature and pressure, liquid and vapor can be converted to each other. For example, water at 100 ℃ boils to steam at 1 atm. Similarly, water vapor at 100 ℃ can condense into water at or above 1 atm.

这种水、汽互相转变的现象取决于水温和液体外表压力的大小。例如当液面气压是6.5毫米汞柱时，5℃的水也会发作沸腾现象。同样，任何液体也有相似水的这种现象。

This phenomenon of water vapor transformation depends on the water temperature and the external pressure of the liquid. For example, when the surface pressure is 6.5 mmHg, water at 5 ℃ will also boil. Similarly, any liquid has this phenomenon similar to water.